•lucerne

lucerne发音

英：[lu:'sɜ:n]　　美：[luˈsɚn]

英：　　美：

lucerne中文意思翻译

Lucerne.

卢塞恩市(瑞士中部一城市名）.

n. 紫苜蓿

lucerne常见例句

1 、Buick Lucerne───别克Lucerne

2 、Effects of Tillage Methods and Straw Cover on Water Erosion of Lucerne and Wheat Fields───耕作方式与地表覆盖量对苜蓿及小麦地水蚀过程的影响

3 、The Influence of Electric Field Treating Lucerne on the Growth───电场处理苜蓿种子对其幼苗期生长的影响

4 、lucerne meal───L-酪氨酸

5 、One, lucerne industry is preliminary form.───一、苜蓿产业初步形成。

6 、Effect of Lucerne Added to Feedstuff on Milk Performance in Cows───紫花苜蓿饲喂泌乳奶牛的效果试验

7 、Zurich consists also Old Town and New Town, same as Lucern.───在我印象最深的就是Hauptbahnhof, Banhofstrasse, und Zurich See.

8 、For the names of actual lakes,see the specific element of the name; for example,Erie Lake; Lucerne Lake; Lomond Lake.───用于湖的名字，可以参见一些湖名的特定组成部分；如，伊利湖；卢斯米湖；伦蒙湖。

9 、Lucerne Foods Limited - Milk Plant 7650 - 18th Street, Burnaby, British Columbia V3N 4K3 Canada **: 604-524-4491 传真: 604-524-0188───分类:农业，园艺，林业产品,食品，饮料，烟草,化学产品，药品，颜料，油漆，粘合剂,活的动物和动物产品,鲜牛奶

10 、Next day toured the city of Lucern, and went on to Rigi mountain on another cog train.───瑞士的自然风光的确是非常的美。其中在则尔马特滑雪。

11 、LK Luftqualitaet AG was established in Switzerland in October 1993 and has its headquarters in Lucerne,Switzerland.───瑞士LK空气品质公司成立于1993年10月，总部位于瑞士卢塞恩。

12 、A second option for the Regal would be to re-badge it as the LaCrosse and move the LaCrosse up-scale under the Lucerne nameplate.───第二种选择的富豪将重新徽章它作为Lacrosse和移动君越了大规模的卢塞恩名牌.

13 、MS7544 : Alfred Brendel / Lucerne Festival Orchestra / Claudio Abbado ---- Bruckner : Symphony No. 7 / Beethoven : Piano Concerto No. 3 ( Euroarts 2054649───布伦德尔/卢塞恩节庆交响乐团/阿巴多------布鲁克纳:第七交响曲/贝多芬:第三钢琴协奏曲

14 、It is lucerne grass.───一是苜蓿草。

15 、"The Swiss league starts next week and Lucerne showed they were ready, so it was a good test.───瑞士足球联赛下周开始，卢塞恩的表现也同样让我们知道他们已经准备好了，这是一场精彩的比赛。”

16 、Buy Lucerne Pellets, Copra Meal Pellets or Granules, Tapioca Pellets We require a supply ...───新西兰买家求购紫花苜蓿球,干椰子肉球或小颗粒...2007-4-4

17 、Production Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Dongmu-70 Rye Grass and Lucerne───冬牧70黑麦草、紫花苜蓿等牧草对奶牛的饲喂效果

18 、lucerne hay───紫花苜蓿干草

19 、Brazilian lucerne───n. 柱花草

20 、Welcome to customers throughout the world, into our modern life, family, sharing of family happiness.Kaiping City, Guangdong Province, China Lucerne Medical Equipment Co., Ltd.───欢迎世界各地客户融入我们现代生活的大家庭，共享天伦之乐。

21 、To 2002 Dong Guang county plans lucerne area to achieve 100 thousand mus, the agriculture after realizing grain cotton the 3rd big industry.───到2002年东光县计划苜蓿面积达到10万亩,实现粮棉之后的农业第三大产业。

22 、She participated and performed in the Aspen Music Festival and other prestigious summer programs in Chautauqua, Lucerne, and Prague.───文氏对音乐充满热诚，于辛辛那提音乐学院完成音乐艺术博士学位，受教于佩顿诺夫夫妇。

23 、For the names of actual lakes, see the specific element of the name; for example, Erie, Lake; Lucerne, Lake of; Lomond, Loch.───用于湖的名字中,一些湖名的特定组成部分;如,伊利湖;卢斯米湖;伦蒙湖现代英汉词典。

24 、MS7542 : Lucerne Festival Orchestra / Claudio Abbado ---- Mahler Symphony No. 7 ( Euroarts 2054629───卢塞恩节庆交响乐团/阿巴多------马勒:第七交响曲

25 、Lucerne vein yellow virus───紫花苜蓿脉黄病毒

26 、Rumen degradability of pea tree compared with that of Lucerne───柠条叶粉与苜蓿草粉瘤胃降解特性比较研究

27 、a last rufous mountain with a rich rug of lucerne at its foot.───最后一座红山，山脚布满一片繁茂的紫花苜蓿。

28 、lucerne beetle───紫花苜蓿叶甲

29 、Lake Lucerne Region of Switzerland Resorts───瑞士卢塞恩湖区

30 、The effects of lucerne on top soil properties of Huangmian soil───种植苜蓿对黄绵土表土理化性质的影响

31 、Some management measures on seed producing field like N or compound fertilizer top derssing in fowering period, leaf cutting bee keeping could effectively increase the yield and quality of lucerne.───在栽培管理种子田的过程中，于花期追施氮肥、复合肥、放养切叶蜂等均会有效地提高苜蓿种子的产量及质量。

32 、Chen Shenkuan,Yao Guojun.Study on lucerne (Medicago sativa) varieties resistance to common leaf spot[J].Pratacultural Science,1994,(6):61-62.───[2]陈申宽,姚国君.紫花苜蓿品种(种)对褐斑病抗性的研究[J].草业科学,1994,(6):61-62.

33 、Establish by Mr.Robert Schindler in 1874,Schindler-the Elevator and Escalator Company is headquartered in the picturesque town of Lucerne,Switzerland.───瑞士迅达电梯公司是最早进入中国电梯及自动扶梯市场的外资企业。

34 、MS7546 : Lucerne Festival Orchestra / Claudio Abbado ---- Debussy : La Mer / Le Martyre De Saint Sebastien ( Euroarts 2053469───卢塞恩节庆交响乐团/阿巴多---德彪西:大海/圣萨巴斯蒂安的殉教

35 、The early morning tower in Lucerne.───清晨拍的琉森水塔。

36 、Iron is contained to more lucerne, spinach, cole, three-colored amaranth, shepherd's purse, day lily, tomato waits in greenery vegetable.───绿叶蔬菜中含铁多的有苜蓿、菠菜、油菜、苋菜、荠菜、黄花菜、番茄等。

37 、Lucerne yellow virus───紫花苜蓿黄化病毒

38 、For the names of actual lakes,see the specific element of the name;for example,Erie,Lake;Lucerne,Lake of;Lomond,Loch.───湖用于湖的名字中，一些湖名的特定组成部分；如，伊利湖；卢斯米湖；伦蒙湖

39 、Lucerne Australian latent nepovirus───澳大利亚紫花苜蓿潜伏线虫传多角体病毒

40 、The Relation Between Biological Effect of Lucerne Seedling and Treatment Time of Electric Field───苜蓿幼苗期的生物效应与电场处理时间的关系

41 、In this period Zurich, Bern and Lucerne took it in turns to summon the meeting.───在这一时期,苏黎世、伯尔尼和卢塞恩轮流主持会议。

42 、Lucerne witches broom agent───紫花苜蓿丛枝病原

43 、By car from direction Lucerne, Brienz: Exit Interlaken West, follow the mainroad until you come to the Shell gas station.Turn right.───在您完成预订后的几秒钟之后，您会收到预订的确认邮件，确保您要在所选的宾馆住宿。

44 、Fuzzy Clustering Analysis for the Varietal Radiosensitivity of Lucerne Varieties───苜蓿品种辐射敏感性的模糊聚类分析

45 、The results showed that:(1) Lucerne nectar production was positively correlated with honey bee visitation (r=0.9299**), honey bee visitation and seed production were positively correlated either (r=0.8716*).───花苜蓿的单位面积花蜜量与蜜蜂拜访数量呈极显著正相关(r=0.9299~(**))，自然蜜蜂拜访数量与种子产量呈显著正相关(r=0.8716~*)。

46 、Study on Seed Yield and Quality Character of Lucerne under Different Environment Conditions.───不同环境条件下紫花苜蓿种子产量及质量性状的研究。

47 、Li Ge, Qin Quan and Dong Cong, Optimum Sensor Localization on Bridges Using Genetic Algorithms, 16th Congress of IABSE, Lucerne, Switzerland, Sep. 17-22, 2000, (294───张宇贻,秦权,桥梁全寿命优化维修决策系统,中国土木工程学会2000年年会,杭州,2000年5月30日-6月1日，杭州，(137-140

48 、3.A city of central Switzerland on the northern shore of the Lake of Lucerne, an irregularly shaped lake surrounded by mountains.───卢塞恩市瑞士中部的一座城市，位于群山环抱的且形状不规则的卢塞恩湖的北岸。

49 、In the host were lucerne, determination of quercetin and kaempferol were 0.103 mg/g, 0.068 mg/g.───寄主为苜蓿的菟丝子中槲皮索含量为0.103 mg/g,山萘酚的含量为0.068 mg/g.

50 、"Simply, that having ascertained that the piece of ground on which I stand was to let, I made application for it, was readily accepted by the proprietor, and am now master of this fine crop of lucerne.───“很简单，因为打听到我所站的这块地皮要出租，我就去要求承租，业主马上就接受了，而我现在就是这一大片苜蓿花的主人了。

51 、What took seconds in Berne might take hours in Fribourg, or days in Lucerne.───等候着向大钟致敬。他们从远方来，甚至从异邦来，来参拜这座神殿。

52 、hybrid Lucerne───杂种指数法

53 、Registrar of Companies of ECHO HOME SYSTEM Friends and the whole home from the city of Canton Lucerne Trading Co., Ltd. (holding company of Friends and office) unified sales.───公司注册的ECHO HOME SYSTEM 友和整体家居由广州市罗森贸易有限公司（友和文仪控股公司）统一销售。

54 、The effects of herbicides bentazon and glyphosate on weeds in lucerne seed producing field were observed and compared.───着重探讨苯达松、草甘膦在苜蓿种子地的化学除莠作用。

55 、The Study of the Rule between Lucern Hay Airing Time and its Moisture Losses───苜蓿干草调制晾晒时间与水分损失规律的研究

56 、lucerne poisoning───苜蓿中毒

57 、On the basis of clean cultivated pasture of perennial lucerne and mixture pasture of perennial awnless brome and lucerne,the effect of pasture species and mixing method on pasture drying rate was analyzed.───用多年生的紫花苜蓿单播草地牧草和多年生无芒雀麦与紫花苜蓿的混播草地牧草,研究牧草种类及调制方法对牧草干燥速度的影响。

58 、The Relation Between the Biological Effect of Electric Field on Lucerne Seeds in Germination Stage and the Treatment Time───电场处理苜蓿种子幼苗期的生物效应与处理时间的关系

59 、Analysed the agricultural resource that develops lucerne property and economically feasibility, offerred the efficient way of development then.───分析了发展苜蓿产业的农业资源和经济上的可行性,进而提出了发展的有效途径。

60 、a city of central Switzerland on the northern shore of the Lake of Lucerne,an irregularly shaped lake surrounded by mountains. The city developed around a monastery founded in the eighth century and is a major resort. Population,61,000───卢塞恩市，瑞士中部的一座城市，位于群山环抱的且形状不规则的卢塞恩湖的北岸。这座城市是围绕一个18世纪建立的寺庙发展起来的。现在是一个主要游览胜地。人口61，000

61 、In time, the gardener in Neuchatel gets tired of his low wages, becomes a barrister in Lucerne.───到后来，纳沙泰尔的花匠嫌工钱低，跑到卢塞恩当了律师。

62 、The paper based on the study of three treatments to making lucern hay in the open air.───本文以紫花苜蓿为试验材料,以三种处理,在天然晾晒的情况下,开展干草调制试验。

63 、Trials into the membranous growth of lucerne───紫花苜蓿膜侧种植试验研究

64 、It was, however, the performance of 17-year old forward Daniel Pacheco that caught the eye, the Spaniard slicing open Lucerne's defence to set up fellow apprentice Lucas Leiva for the opening goal.───尤其值得关注的是，17岁小将帕切科表现抢眼，这位西班牙小伙子突破对手的防线然后助攻队友卢卡斯破门，那一幕令人难忘。

65 、Encircled by a photogenic range of mountains and bisected by the River Reuss, Lucerne is beloved for its storybook charm.───卢塞恩四周环绕着风景优美的群山，坐落在罗伊斯河的两岸，因其充满童话色彩的魅力而深受游人喜爱。

66 、Lucerne, Lake of;───如，伊利湖；

67 、According to the forecast of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , dry material output of lucern in our country only accounts for 5% of the total demand ,so the market volume is huge .───据中国农科院预测，现阶段我国紫花苜蓿的干物质产量仅占需求量的5 % ，市场容量巨大。

68 、Shi Fengling,Wu Yongfu,Ulanbate,Bu He,Hai Tang,Jia Xianyan.Study on seed yield and quality character of lucerne under different environment conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2000,(3):34-38.───[8]石凤翎,吴永敷,乌兰巴特尔,布和,海棠,贾鲜艳.不同环境条件下紫花苜蓿种子产量及质量性状的研究[J].中国草地,2000,(3):34-38.

69 、HAY MAKING OF LUCERNE IN FIELD───苜蓿干草的田间调制

70 、The pathogenicity test results showed that all the fungi tested under the laboratory conditions had pathogenic effects to lucerne and wheat in some extent.───在试验条件下，参试的首蓓、小麦根部入侵真菌对首蓓和小麦均有一定的致病力，但对首楷种子和幼苗的致病力强于对小麦种子和幼苗的致病力。

71 、Lucerne transient streak virus───紫花苜蓿短暂条纹病毒

72 、Lucerne pappilosity virus───紫花苜蓿多棘病毒

73 、Before this, they had been carried up in litters - like Queen Victoria who visited the Rigi above Lake Lucerne in 1868, just three years too soon for the train.───在此以前,人们只能被轿抬上山,如1868年,维多利亚女皇就是这样登上卢塞恩湖上的Rigi山的。

74 、In 1351 it joined the Swiss Confederation, where it quickly became one of the leading members, along with Bern and Lucerne.───1351年,苏黎世加入了瑞士联盟,并很快成为和伯尔尼、卢塞恩一样的领导成员。

75 、Lucerne enation rhabdovirus───紫花苜蓿耳突弹状病毒

76 、Major Cities: Zurich, Basel, Geneva, Bern, Lausanne, Winterthur, Lucerne, Bienne, Thun.───主要城市：苏黎世，巴塞尔，日内瓦，伯尔尼，洛桑，温特图尔，卢塞恩，比安，图恩。

77 、Lucerne transient steak virus───紫花苜蓿暂时性条纹病毒

78 、Sigh.Do you have any lucern hammers?───唉。你这儿有苜蓿锤么?

79 、A man goes to tend the museum gardens in Neuchatel after he has seen himself a barrister in Lucerne.───某人知道自己要在卢塞恩做律师，却还是到纳沙泰尔的博物馆收拾花园。

80 、A city of central Switzerland on the northern shore of the Lake of Lucerne, an irregularly shaped lake surrounded by mountains. The city developed around a monastery founded in the eighth century and is a major resort. Population,61, 000.───卢塞恩市瑞士中部的一座城市，位于群山环抱的且形状不规则的卢塞恩湖的北岸。这座城市是围绕一个18世纪建立的寺庙发展起来的。现在是一个主要游览胜地。人口61，000

谁有瑞士主要城市的英文介绍伯尔尼，苏黎世，日内瓦，洛桑，卢塞恩．

Bern

© Bern Tourism

Bern is the capital of Switzerland, and also the capital of the canton of the same name.

As the seat of government, the city houses the federal ministries and a number of other federal institutions, including the National Bank. It is also the headquarters of the Universal Postal Union, one of the specialised agencies of the United Nations. In addition it is the seat of public services, such as Swiss Post (the state-owned post office) and the Swiss Federal Railways. The city has a small airport in the suburb of Belp. Although Zurich is Switzerland's main rail hub, Bern has a direct rail service to several of the major cities of Switzerland, as well as to European cities such as Paris, Berlin, Barcelona and Milan.

History

The city was founded in the 12th century on a tongue of land surrounded on three sides by the river Aare. However, the first settlements in the area go back to pre-Roman times. It grew rich as a trading centre, and subsequently became an aggressive political and military power, ruling over a number of subject territories. It was one of the leading members of the old Swiss Confederation. Although the French invasion of 1798 put an end to the system of rulers and subjects, Bern retained its leading position, and in 1848 was chosen as the permanent capital of the modern Swiss state.

There are several theories as to the derivation of the name. It may come from Brenodor, the name of a Celtic settlement built on the site. However, the popular story has that Bern was named after the bear (German: Bär), the first animal to be killed by its founder, Duke Berchtold V von Zähringen, when he went hunting near his new city. Bears have a long association with the town, which has had a bear pit since the end of the 15th century.

Zurich

The Helmhaus contemporary art museum, Wasserkirche (Water Church,) and Grossmünster cathedral

© picswiss.ch

Zurich is the capital of the canton of the same name. It lies on the river Limmat where it flows out of Lake Zurich, and is the largest town in Switzerland.

The city is a cultural mecca, and in international polls frequently figures among the most desirable cities in the world to live in. In the 19th and 20th centuries in particular it attracted many notable writers, artists and composers. The Dada art movement was born in Zurich's Cabinet Voltaire in 1916. Today it boasts not only many museums, theatres and concert halls, but some 500 bars, nightclubs and discos. The Bahnhofstrasse is one of Switzerland's prime shopping streets.

The Neue Zürcher Zeitung ("New Zurich Newspaper") is Switzerland's most prestigious newspaper. It was first published in 1780, and is one of the oldest German language newspapers still in existence.

The city is home both to Zurich University and to one of Switzerland's two prestigious Federal Institutes of Technology, the ETHZ. Between 1975 and 2002 the ETHZ alone produced 7 Nobel science laureates.

Switzerland's largest airport is in Kloten near Zurich. The city is also an important rail hub. As for urban transport, Zurich claims to have the best-served urban traffic network in the world.

History

Turicum, from which the name Zurich comes, was originally a Roman customs post and fort on the left bank of the Limmat. The settlement later spread to both sides of the river.

During the Middle Ages it developed as an economic, cultural and religious centre. In the course of the 13th century it gradually gained more rights of self-government, although it remained part of the German empire.

In 1351 it joined the Swiss Confederation, where it quickly became one of the leading members, along with Bern and Lucerne.

It has traditionally been at the forefront of new developments: it led the Protestant forces at the Reformation in the 16th century, its liberal politicians played a key role in establishing the modern federal state in 1848, and its entrepreneurs were the backbone of the industrial revolution in Switzerland in the 19th century.

Geneva

Click on the map to find a town plan of Geneva

Geneva's jet d'eau lake fountain

© julia slater / swissworld.org

Geneva waterfront, with St Peter's cathedral in the background

© Carla Arrigoni

Geneva is the capital of the canton of the same name, and is Switzerland's second biggest city. It lies in the south-west, near the border with France, at the western end of Lake Geneva, where the Rhone flows out of the lake.

A number of international organisations have their headquarters in Geneva. These include the European headquarters of the UN, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the UN High Commission for Refugees and CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research.

It is also the site of the headquarters of the World Economic Forum (WEF).

Geneva is also well known for its watches. The Geneva Seal, or Poinçon de Genève, is a quality hallmark which is only granted to a select range of luxury watches according to strict criteria. Each year Geneva holds an exclusive fair, the International Salon for Prestige Watchmaking.

Geneva is also known for its car fair, held every year in March. Other fairs held in Geneva include the Inventors' Fair and the Book Fair.

The city has Switzerland's second largest airport, Cointrin. It is linked directly by rail with Paris, and also with Milan, via the Rhone valley. Within Switzerland it has direct trains to Lake Constance at the opposite end of the country via Bern and Zurich.

In international surveys ranking cities of the world for their quality of life, Geneva usually figures very near the top.

History

Geneva was a settlement even in Celtic times. It was an important transshipment point under the Romans, who named it Genava.

The Germanic Burgundians, who conquered the area in the 5th century, made it their capital for a time.

The city was the seat of a bishop from around 400 until the Reformation, when the bishop was driven out and the city became one of the major Protestant centres in Europe under Jean Calvin. The influx of refugees it attracted contributed to its economic and cultural upsurge.

In 1602 the city defeated the Duke of Savoy and forced him to abandon his territorial claims against it. Geneva then remained a small city state until it was briefly absorbed into France in 1798, before becoming a Swiss canton in 1815.

Lausanne

Lausanne around 1900

© Library of Congress

Lausanne, the capital of Canton Vaud, lies on Lake Geneva in the French-speaking area of Switzerland.

It is Switzerland's fifth largest city, and the main economic and administrative centre in the west of the country after Geneva.

Lausanne houses the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). A number of international sport federations are also based in the city: table tennis, volleyball, baseball, fencing, wrestling, swimming, archery, air sports, and rowing.

Lausanne is the home of one of Switzerland's two Federal Institutes of Technology, the EPFL. (The other – the ETHZ – is in Zurich.) It also houses the Federal Supreme Court.

Although Lausanne is overshadowed by Geneva as a centre of international diplomacy, it has hosted a number of international conferences, including the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne which settled the borders of Turkey after World War I.

Lausanne is an important railway hub, on the line from Bern to Geneva. It is linked directly with Paris and is also the gateway to the Rhone valley.

The town is characterised by its steep streets. A gorge runs through the centre, which made it necessary to build bridges from one neighbourhood to another. A set of covered stairs leads up to the cathedral; a cogwheel railway (originally a funicular) links the railway station with the lakeside.

History

The Lausanne area was already settled in the fourth millennium BC. The Romans built a military camp, which they named Lousonna, on the site of a Celtic settlement in what is now the suburb of Vidy.

In the 7th century it became the seat of the bishopric of Lausanne. The town developed as an economic and religious centre in the Middle Ages, ruled by the bishop. It lay on the Via Francigena pilgrim route between Canterbury and Rome. Over the years the citizens, backed by the counts of Savoy, gradually won more freedoms.

The city lost much of its importance when Bern took it over along with the whole of what is now Canton Vaud in 1536, and ruled it until 1798. When Vaud became a separate canton in 1803, Lausanne became the capital.

Lucerne

Lucerne (German: Luzern) is the capital of the canton of the same name. It lies at the north western end of Lake Lucerne, where the river Reuss flows out of the lake. Lucerne is the economic and cultural centre of central Switzerland.

The economy of Lucerne is based on tourism and commerce. It also offers services in such areas as transport, health and consulting. There are over four and a half jobs in the service sector for every one job in industry or agriculture.

Lucerne has direct train links with most major Swiss cities and to Milan. It is served not only by the Swiss Federal Railways, but also by the private Zentralbahn.

The city has a small university, which is to be expanded in the next few years. Its theology department enjoys a particularly strong reputation.

History

The city was once a dependency of the Alsatian monastery at Murbach, but gradually gained autonomy. The year 1178 marked a turning point in its relations with the monastery, and is regarded as the date of its foundation as a city.

After the opening up of the Gotthard pass in the early 13th century it grew wealthy as an important staging post on the route between Italy and northern Europe. The city joined the young Swiss Confederation in 1332.

卢塞恩的城市介绍

瑞士中部的卢塞恩（琉森）是个湖光山色相互映衬美丽城市。早在罗马时期，它还只是一个没有几户人家的渔村，后来，为了给过往的船只导航而修建了一个灯塔，因此得名“琉森”，拉丁文便是“灯”的意思。1178年正式建市。

岁月的悠长给这座城市留下了上古人类历史的文明。中世纪的教堂、塔楼、文艺复兴时期的宫厅、邸宅以及百年老店、长街古巷，比比皆是。卢塞恩市中心本身并不很大，主要景点都散布在步行可及的范围内。卡佩尔桥和八角水塔是琉森的地标，也是最经常出现在瑞士明信片上的建筑物。狮子纪念碑诉述了瑞士的一段历史，是瑞士人忠贞坚毅的象征。到卢塞恩，畅游四森林州湖，最为赏心悦，不同的游船线路还可以通往湖畔的各个度假小镇和阿尔卑斯的著名山峰。

瑞士中部的卢塞恩（琉森）（Luzern）是个依山傍水的美丽城市，瑞士最大的夏季避暑胜地之一。8世纪建城，1332年卢塞恩（琉森）与环湖的乌里、施维茨、下瓦尔登结成联盟，成为瑞士联邦最早的四个州，随即在很长一段时间里成为联邦的行政中心。四个州围绕的湖也因此定名为“四州森林湖”。现今虽挤不进三强的城市排位，却是到瑞士时不可错失的地方。卢塞恩（琉森）的古城区小巧玲珑，主要景点都可步行到达。历史悠久的卢塞恩（琉森），中世纪的教堂、塔楼，文艺复兴时期的宫厅、邸宅以及百年老店、长街古巷，比比皆是。四森林州湖水，也就是现在俗称的“卢塞恩湖”，流入罗伊斯河，将市镇隔为新城和旧城两部分，湖光水色映照城中美景，悠游其间，亦真亦幻。

卢塞恩（琉森）具有21世纪的现代化，更具有中世纪所特有的美、和谐及生命力。这里街头随处可见的时代和风格的壁画，市内古老狭窄的街道和广场，到处是令人驻足的商店。游客在这里不仅可以感受到悠闲气氛，在冬日的琉森狂欢节，夏日的琉森和琉森音乐节期间，全城则充满欢乐奔放气氛。

城市标志

卢塞恩（琉森）市内不乏文艺复兴时期及巴罗克式的建筑物及喷水池。广场均以鹅卵石铺砌，人字形的小屋都涂上鲜艳的色彩，此等景色实在令人神往。古城内有数个主要广场：五谷广场、鹿儿广场、美酒市场及谷物市场。在古城内的大多数地方都能够眺望到琉森的门户—— 皮拉图斯山，以皮拉图斯山为背景的卡佩尔木桥和八角水塔卢塞恩的地标。交通博物馆距市中心数分钟车程，是欧洲最大的交通类博物馆，更设有瑞士唯一的天象馆。卢塞恩（琉森）的特产是瑞士钟表，高级珠宝，巧克力，军刀，手工精制的花边及刺绣品。新城的购物区在以火车站为起点的皮拉图斯大街沿线，旧城的购物区由临湖的瑞士庭园（Schweizerhofquai），天鹅广场（Schwanenplatz），礼拜堂广场（Kapellplatz）开始向古城内发散开去。天鹅广场及周边表行、珠宝店、手表品牌店林立，与巴黎旺多姆广场并列为欧洲两大手表珠宝购物中心。

著名景点

琉森市旧城区有三个著名的旅游点。首先是廊桥水塔（卡佩尔木桥和八角水塔），第二个景点是狮子纪念碑，第三个景点是奇妙的穆赛格城墙。旧城内Weggisgasse小巷里的Stadtkeller餐厅在4-10月的每晚有民俗歌舞表演，供应当地啤酒和瑞士特色菜。琉森湖有号称瑞士最多的游湖线路和最大的内陆湖船队，包括5条古董蒸汽游船。坐游船从琉森出发，可以轻易达到瑞吉山，亦是热门的滑雪及观光胜地；也可以到达拥有世界上最陡斜的齿轨式登山列车的皮拉图斯山，此峰亦是琉森的门户。 山水画卷

说起瑞士，翩翩的联想便是一幅明媚秀丽的山水画卷：湍急见底的溪流，湛蓝如镜的湖面，挺拔幽深的杉林，雄伟峻峭的雪峰……在这片沁人心肺的大自然中，点缀着一个个玲珑别致的城郭。上天造就的自然美与人工修饰的建筑美和谐地融为一体，世间恐怕再也找不到第二处如此美的地方了，这里便渐渐形成了令人心荡神驰的旅游胜地。从西南方的日内瓦到东北方的圣·加仑；从西北方的巴塞尔到东南方的卢加诺，哪个城池不像仙女撒下的明珠？然而，这些明珠的中央有一颗竟是那么不凡：它不仅闪烁着今日辉煌，而且透射出昔日的光彩！这就是美丽的古城——卢塞恩（琉森）。

它坐落在这山国的的中央，早在罗马时期，它还只是一个没有几户人家的渔村，后来，为了给过往的船只导航而修建了一个灯塔，因此得名卢塞恩（琉森），拉丁文便是“灯”的意思。1178年卢塞恩（琉森）建城，1386年，卢塞恩（琉森）及其周围地区组成了瑞士的一个州。岁月的悠长给这座城市留下了上古人类历史的文明；在这个靠旅游业变得越来越富有的国度里，卢塞恩（琉森）的地位也显得日臻重要。漫游卢塞恩（琉森），定会让你找到许多非同一般的感觉。

旅游业

到18世纪末，卢塞恩（琉森）仍然是一个中世纪小镇，但是自1830年旅游业的兴起，卢塞恩（琉森）变化了，发展了。随着以英国维多利亚女王为代表的英国上流社会度假潮流的兴起，19世纪初，在河边和湖畔的垃圾填埋场上建起了优雅的步行区，如耶酥会码头（Jesuitenquai），«Unter der Egg»和瑞士宫廷码头（Schweizerhofquai）。随后，又在国家码头（Nationalquai）修建了娱乐馆Casino。 与此同时，宫廷桥（Hof Bridge）和有40个了望塔和入口的一整段防卫城墙被拆除，打开了完全封闭的老城区。1875年后有垒起了穆塞格山岗（Musegg hill）。19世纪中叶，在城区57公顷的土地上居住着10000名居民。到1890年，城区扩大了3倍，人口扩大到20000人。此后不久，也就是在第一次世界大战爆发前，城市内已有40000名居民。

1900年前，建造了一些大型奢华的酒店，还建了不少供游客使用的旅店。现在临湖的五星酒店Hotel Schweizerhof Luzern, Palace Hotel Luzern, Grand National Hotel Luzern都建于那个年代。1836年是琉森湖上蒸汽船时代的开始，1859年后，火车通到了卢塞恩（琉森）。第一次世界大战前，在卢塞恩（琉森）的Tribschen 甚至有一个瑞士航空基地。

第一次世界大战和经济大萧条让卢塞恩（琉森）的旅游业倒退了好几年。然而，Armin Meili 设计的艺术和会议中心仍然在1933年开幕了，并在1938年举办了首届国际音乐节。

在第二次世界大战中，卢塞恩（琉森）又经历了一段艰难的时期。战争结束后，经过好几年才得以恢复。 美国军人到卢塞恩（琉森）来度假，帮助了当地旅游业的复苏。50年代和60年代，住宿天数从700000持续增长到850000。70年代，住宿天数达到了1000000。在以后的几十年间，住宿天数又多次突破这个记录。2000年琉森旅游业的产值是715000000瑞士法郎。旅游从业人员达到9400人。旅游业的产值占琉森市国内生产总值的8.7%。 在琉森坐火车，1小时后就可到达风景如画的山中小镇——英格堡。相传，本笃会的修士循着天使的声音进入这片山谷，建起修道院，小镇因而得名Engelberg（天使之乡）。小镇内有30多个天使像。一次世界大战前，英格堡就已经成为欧洲上流社会的夏季疗养地。小镇内最恢宏的建筑就是英格堡本笃会修道院，曾经统治这片山谷，直接上通罗马教皇的修道院终究归于平静。游客们到修道院花园里品尝修士们发明的英格堡奶酪。

瑞士中部的最高峰——铁力士山（Mt. Titlis）就坐落在这里。虽然铁力士山海拔10000英尺，只需乘坐三段缆车，45分钟就能到达山顶。铁力士山高空缆车的设计十分独特，最后一段是能够360°旋转的缆车，视野相当开阔，是世界首创的。铁力士山山顶终年被积雪覆盖，山上有万年冰川。到达山顶缆车站后，游客可以进入冰洞触摸原始冰层；可以乘坐“冰川飞渡”吊椅，飞跃冰川裂缝；可以冰川漫步；还可以到冰川乐园嬉雪，8种免费的雪上玩具让人过足瘾。山顶设有多家餐厅，冰淇淋站，纪念品商店，民族服饰和古典服饰照相馆以及欧洲惟一一家设在山顶的专业名表店Swiss Lion。特别要试一试铁力士山顶的全景观餐厅，在白雪皑皑的群山环抱中用餐是绝对不能错过的。2013年初，为纪念铁力士山缆车公司建成100周年，在山顶3040米处建成开放了百米长的欧洲最高的悬索桥 - 铁力士凌霄岩道。就像铁力士山的宣传语“冰雪之旅，四季乐趣”说的那样，一年四季铁力士雪山都吸引了来自世界各地的游客，迄今已超过300万人次。

英格堡-铁力士山冬季雪场位列瑞士10大滑雪场之一，滑雪季通常在每年的11月底到次年的4月。在滑雪季，还会在半山的特吕布湖区用雪堆砌起爱斯基摩人式样的圆顶雪屋酒店Igloo。

皮拉图斯山

在琉森的卡佩尔廊桥边一抬头就能看见流传着龙的传说的巍峨险峻的皮拉图斯山(Mt. Pilatus)。皮拉图斯山是琉森的门户和地标，琉森有皮拉图斯大街和皮拉图斯电台，可见其重要性。皮拉图斯山以拥有世界最陡的登山列车和“皮拉图斯山金色环游”项目而成为世界级的景点。

游览的最佳路线是从琉森出发，走水路，舟行琉森湖上，迎着微风陶醉在两岸风光；1.5小时后，弃舟登岸，搭乘缓慢地在世界上最陡峭（48°）的山壁齿轮铁道爬升的齿轮列车到达山顶，沿途能欣赏到高山植被的变化，雄奇的山体和偶尔从眼前掠过的羚羊。山顶有龙道、餐厅、酒店、纪念品商店、观景台和名为“龙之论坛”的设备完善的会议大厅。欣赏完阿尔卑斯山的73个山峰和无数的湖泊后，下山可以选择缆车，有大小两段索道，琉森古城就逐渐地靠近。在缆车中间站，设有瑞士最长的夏季旱地雪橇道和绳索攀爬乐园。下山后可以步行或坐公交车回琉森老城。

瑞吉山

阿尔卑斯山的最前沿，Mt. Rigi被称为“山峦皇后”，是瑞士中部最有名的瞭望台。自古以来，它就是一个很有名的观赏日出和日落的地方。在山顶的瞭望台上可以欣赏到阿尔卑斯山脉的全景观和延伸到德国的黑森林和法国的平原。19世纪前期，韦伯、门德尔松、维克多·雨果等文化名人就到访过这里。1864年，英国维多利亚女王也亲临瑞吉山。1871年这里修建了登山铁道，也是欧洲的第一条登山铁道，至今仍保留有蒸汽机车。现在，游客可以从菲茨瑙或者高尔道坐登山列车，或在韦吉斯乘一段缆车，再转登山列车上山一览胜景。瑞士山脚下的菲茨瑙和韦吉斯小镇是琉森湖区著名的SPA疗养胜地。从琉森码头坐船不到一小时就能到达在菲茨瑙的登山列车车站。瑞吉山山势幽雅舒缓，山上有100多公里的步行道。各种宾馆、饭店和度假公寓众多。美丽的景观和浓郁的瑞士风情，每年都吸引众多的游人和商务客人在此举办会议和培训。

联合国生态保护圈Entlebuch Biosphere

在瑞士几乎找不出第二个可以和琉森这片“荒野西部”的自然宝藏匹敌的地方。400平方公里的面积是一片神秘和色彩缤纷的世界，充满平和、灵感和兴奋。未受破坏的高沼地，崎岖的喀斯特原野和宁静如画的山坡是瑞士第一个生态保护区的典型风貌。Entlebuch Biosphereh还是进行各种活动的好地方，如山地自行车、健步、高尔夫球等等。参观位于Flühli的Schwandalpweiher的Kneipp疗法中心是一此令人有焕然一新感觉的体验。

卡贝尔桥

卡佩尔的德语意思为“小教堂”。因桥头不远有圣彼得教堂，因而得名“教堂桥”（卡佩尔桥）。桥两侧的栏板上常年装饰以红色鲜花，看似一座花廊，又称作花桥。

卡贝尔桥是琉森的重要标志，始建于1333年，是卢塞恩（琉森）的水上城墙。此桥是欧洲最古老的木制廊桥。桥长约为200米，但不是一座直桥，有两个小的转弯。廊桥顶部每隔几米就有一幅彩画，共有110幅，开始绘制于17世纪，每幅画的内容多为卢塞恩的历史风貌和琉森历史英雄人物的故事。桥身中间的折弯处建有一石头的八角型水塔，34米高。塔建在水中的礁石上。塔建于1300年前后，木桥是依附于水塔而建。水塔作为瞭望哨所，是城市防卫设施的一部分。另外，还曾是战时保存战利品及财物的仓库，有一段时间也用作监狱及行刑室。现在的水塔是琉森军械协会的会馆和古军械展示厅。水塔与花桥一个伫立，一个横卧，共同构成绝妙的水塔花桥（水塔廊桥）美景。不幸的是，卡佩尔桥的大半在1993年8月17日为一场火灾所毁，水塔未未受损失。现存的卡卡尔桥是火灾后修复的。

斯普罗伊尔桥（谷糠桥）

位于卡贝尔桥的西侧，是另一座木制廊桥。始建于1408年，长度只有80米，和卡贝尔桥一样，也不是一座直桥，不过只有一个小的转弯，桥的中部有一个小礼拜堂。廊桥顶部也有67幅木板彩画“死亡之舞”，由卡斯帕·梅格林格1626年绘制，描述了当年欧洲的黑死病流行的景象，无论贵贱贫富在死神面前都是平等的。因为磨坊主常在这里把谷糠倒入河中而得名。

濒死的琉森狮子（狮子纪念碑）

是世界最有名的雕像之一，1821年由丹麦雕塑家雕刻在天然岩石上。这头长10米、高3米多的雄狮，痛苦地倒在地上，折断的长矛**在肩头，旁边有一个带有瑞士国徽的盾牌。这座雕像是为了纪念1792年8月10日，为保护巴黎杜乐丽宫 (Tuileries) 中的路易十六家族的安全，全部战死的786名瑞士雇佣兵，雕像下方有文字描述了此事件的经过。当年，瑞士是一个贫穷落后的国家，男子迫于生计，纷纷到欧洲各国当雇佣兵。瑞士雇佣兵忠于雇主，英勇善战，但荣誉和金钱掩盖不了雇佣兵制度的残酷，这次事件之后，瑞士停止出口雇佣兵，仅留下在梵蒂冈为天主教廷服务的近卫军。由于著名的忠勇，教廷的这支瑞士近卫军一直服务到现在。后来，美国作家马克·吐温来到卢塞恩，将“濒死的琉森狮子”誉为“世界上最悲壮和最感人的雕像”。

卢塞恩（琉森）的主要教堂

耶稣教堂

耶稣会教堂(Jesuitenkirche），是瑞士第一座大型的巴洛克式教堂，内部装饰华丽。1666年由Christoph Vogler神父为耶稣会（天主教修会之一）建造。穹顶的装饰，为18世纪中叶改建完成的。 有两座美丽尖塔的豪夫教堂（Hofkirche），位于琉森湖的北面，是琉森最重要的教堂。公元735年开始建造，是罗马式建筑，到14世纪改建为哥特式，17世纪的一场大火中受到了严重破坏，随后又改建为文艺复兴式。教堂内部庄严肃穆，礼拜席上有生动细腻的雕刻图案。教堂的管风琴，1640年制造，共有4950根风琴管，至今仍在琉森的夏季音乐节上使用。

圣方济各会教堂（Franciscan Church），建于13世纪后半期，为哥特式建筑。和瑞士其它的建于文艺复兴与巴洛克的中间时期的教堂相比，这里有最华丽的讲道坛。

瓦格纳博物馆

德国伟大音乐家里Richard Wagner1866年至1872年间，在琉森居住，这期间是他一生中最好的时光。住所为琉森郊外Tribschen的临湖别墅，现为博物馆。瓦格纳在这里完成了《纽伦堡的诗人》和《众神的黄昏》等名作，并与李斯特的女儿科西玛结婚，瓦格纳唯一的儿子也出生在这里。 博物馆内收藏瓦格纳在琉森居住时期的私人物品和音乐手稿，瓦格纳与朋友们的信件，包括尼采、巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世等名人，瓦格纳的卧室，瓦格纳在瑞士游历的绘画展。还收藏有许多产自欧洲、非洲、亚洲的古代乐器珍品，多数为博物馆后来收集的，与瓦格纳并无关系。小别墅位于湖畔的别墅区，有开阔的草地，景色非常美。

Rosengart Collection Musuem

Rosengart家族收藏的经典现代主义画家，如毕加索和Paul Klee座位为特色，并且还收藏了19世纪和20世纪世界著名的艺术家，如Monet，Cezanne，Vuillard，Bonnard，Matisse，Braque，Leger，Miro，Chagal，Kandinsky等的作品。同为Rosengart家族所有的，原位于旧城市政厅边17世纪大宅中的毕加索博物馆的藏品，也已经移至此处。这部分藏品主要是Rosengart的好友，毕加索生前最后20年的作品和手稿，其中多为毕加索遗赠。还有David Douglas Duncan拍摄的200余幅摄影作品，为毕加索创作时的工作照和日常生活照，与Rosengart家族一起度假时的照片。

开放时间：4-10月 / 10:00-18:00；11-3月 / 11:00-17:00

穆塞格城墙

城墙建于1386年，与原来罗伊斯河及四森林州湖上的木结构廊墙一起，包围整个旧城，组成陆地和水上的城墙。现在水上城墙留下卡佩尔桥和谷糠桥，陆上城墙现在只剩基本保存完好的900多米的一段。城墙上面有9座塔楼，3座塔楼对公众开放，人们可由此登上城墙，俯瞰整个旧城。在Zyt 塔楼上，有最古老的城市钟，由Hans Luter在1535年建造，在每个整点小时，这个钟比所有其他的城市钟提前一分钟敲响。 旧城区

有中世纪的建筑和街巷。旧市政大楼 建于1602年到1606年间，为意大利式的建筑物，风格古典庄严。旧城区广场众多。卡佩尔广场，边上有圣彼得教堂，广场中央有哥特式喷泉，是著名的琉森狂欢节的开幕仪式场地。谷物市场 ，邻近旧市政大楼。葡萄酒市场，四周房屋绘有壁画，可在广场上欣赏广场中央有哥特式喷泉。鹿儿广场同样为绘有壁画的房屋包围。还有米伦广场，这里有许多古建筑。 这里街头随处可见各种各样的特色面具，古老狭窄的街道和广场，到处是令人驻足的商店、文艺复兴时期及巴罗克式的建筑物及喷水池。广场均以鹅卵石铺砌，人字形的小屋，墙上是五颜六色的花草彩绘，清新而美丽。沿河及湖边漫步，一路都可见到一座斜跨在河面上的木制廊桥--卡贝尔廊桥。

瑞士交通博物馆

是全欧洲最大的展品最丰富的交通博物馆，有7千多件文物和15万份重要历史文献，这里有3000多年前的独木舟、中世纪的马车，19世纪的蒸气机车和登山火车、20世纪的老式汽车和飞机，还有未来的宇宙飞船，多达3000多见实物展示品。展览系统地介绍了公路，轨道和水上交通的发展，以及太空交通的内容。展览注重互动性和趣味性，有模拟的战斗机、列车驾驶、汽车撞击试验、划船比赛、汽车展示台等等有趣的活动。馆内还有专为儿童设置的活动区，通过游戏了解驾驶交通规则，公路铁路的修建等项目。《瑞士大地图》可能就是谷歌地图的雏形。

馆内还设有的IMAX影院、天文馆和Hans Erni美术馆。

开放时间：3-10月/10:00-18:00；11-3月/10:00-17:00

冰川公园

这里有第四纪冰川留下的地貌遗迹，1872年工人们挖掘地时发现。由冰川侵蚀的地层、岩石、石洞、石穴，展现了古时的瑞士地貌。公园里还有一个冰川博物馆，有实物、模型及图画等，让人们了解冰川。园内有花园和瞭望塔，瑞士屋，百万年奇观展和爱尔汗布拉镜子迷宫。

开放时间：4-10月/9:00-18:00；11-3月/10:00 - 17:00

KKL卢塞恩（琉森）文化和艺术中心

这座美轮美奂的现代建筑物依琉森湖而建，功能更是完备之极，能够满足演出、会议、展览和庆典等各种活动的要求。这座建筑是由法国杰出的建筑设计师JeanNouvel设计的，巧妙地把湖水引入了大厅。其中的大型组合式音乐厅是RusselJohnson设计的，有着多达1840张舒适的座位，音响效果极佳，得到了世界首屈一指的指挥家、音乐家和管弦乐队的高度赞赏。每年的琉森音乐节（Lucerne Festival）都在此举行。

游客咨询中心：位于琉森火车站内，正门位于Zentralstrasse大街上。周一 ——周五：8:30 - 19:00；周六：9:00-19:00；周日：9:00-17:00。提供各种旅游咨询，旅游产品和琉森旅游酒店预订服务。

一般商店营业时间：周一到周三9:00-18:30；周四和周五9:00-21:00；周六9:00-16:00；周日休息

集市：

- 每周市场蔬果和鲜花市场：周二和周六上午，卡佩尔桥边

- 跳蚤市场：5月至10月的周六，Untere Burgerstrasse和Reusssteg街道

- 每月农产品市场：3月至12月间每月的第一个周三，Bahnhofstrasse大街

- 手工艺品市场：4月至11月间每月的第一个周六，Weinmarkt广场和12月的Hirschenplatz广场

特色购物：天鹅广场手表珠宝商业区正对这琉森湖，与法国巴黎旺多姆广场并列为欧洲两大手表珠宝专门购物中心，也是瑞士有这最美自然风光的购物区。广场上除了有Bucherer，Guebelin，Embassy几家大表行外，还有众多的名表品牌专卖店。城中另一处表店比较集中的商业区是狮子纪念碑边的狮子广场。

餐饮：瑞士饮食受德、法、意等国的影响。本地人偏爱意大利风味。城内各国风味都有。品尝瑞士风味餐的最佳地点是老城内的Stadtkeller瑞士民间歌舞餐厅。

住宿：城区内有各档次的酒店80余家。五星级酒店有Hotel Schweizerhof Luzern, Grand Hotel National, Palace Luzern, Renaissance Lucerne Hotel，五星标准的设计师精品酒店The Hotel和被评为瑞士最优秀四星酒店的Art Deco Hotel Montana。 每年8月，卢塞恩（琉森）便成了瑞士最有魅力的旅游胜地，原因之一就是这里要举行一年一度的国际音乐节。从书店到杂货店，橱窗里的摆设都以音乐为主题。人们可以看到贝多芬、莫扎特、肖邦、施特劳斯等音乐大师的肖像放置在鲜花或各式商品中；小提琴、大提琴、钢琴、笛子甚至乐谱都成了畅销品。在持续几个星期的音乐节里，大大小小的音乐厅举行各种形式的演奏，每每座无虚席。即使没机会去音乐厅，人们也不难目睹音乐家们的风采：从车站到旅馆，从河堤到湖畔，常常会遇见一些熟悉的面孔，那多是些音乐明星。

这种邂逅也是一种欢愉和熏陶。音乐节的洗礼使卢塞恩（琉森）人对音乐情有独钟，人们或多或少都成了这门艺术的知音。